Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors have been widely used for treatment of industrial wastewater. In this study, performance of a lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, treating a chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater, was evaluated under different operating conditions. A (P.E) pipe with a diameter of 250 mm and total height of 120 cm and effective height of 100 cm with approximate volume of 49 liter was used as a reactor. The loading rates on reactor were increased in steps to assess the maximum loading capacity of the reactor to study the performance of reactor at different loading rates. The COD concentrations used in the present investigation ranges between 1850 mg/L to 15170 mg/L. The performance of the reactor up to 10.81 kg COD/m3.d was evaluated and the hydraulic retention times were examined. During this study, which lasted for 120 days, the temperature of the wastewater entering the reactor ranged from 30 to 35°C and no heat exchanger was used. Finally the removal ratio of COD with hydraulic retention time of 33.7 hours and organic loading rate of 10.81 kg COD/m3.day were 54 percent respectively.

Wastewater treatment is a global concern nowadays. Although many methods are available for wastewater treatment, the adsorption method has received much more attention from researchers. Significant problems for extending the adsorption method to the industry for wastewater treatment are the high cost of cosmetically available adsorbents, their recovery from the medium, and their regeneration and reuse. Magnetic biosorbents provide easy separation from the treated water at lower prices compared to other commercially available adsorbents. In terms of characteristics and efficiency in the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants, magnetic biosorbents have shown growing promise. If biosorbents and the removed contaminants are not handled and disposed properly, they can become causes of environmental pollution. There are numerous review papers on wastewater treatment with magnetic adsorbents. However, this paper provides comprehensive information on the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, the magnetization of biosorbents, and the application of magnetic biosorbents for wastewater treatment to pave the avenue for new magnetic biosorbents development that can be scale up from laboratories to the industry.

This study aims to design a laboratory reactor that is suitable for producing organic fertilizer from gases generated by anaerobic bacteria in refinery wastewater, making it applicable in agriculture. The activated sludge reactor designed comprises three main components: primary sedimentation, aeration, and secondary sedimentation along with a sludge return system. It features a glass cubic tank with a capacity of 5000 ml and a sedimentation basin of the same volume. The research examined the impacts of ammonium, phosphorus, and methanol concentrations, inoculation rate, hydrodynamic retention time, and fermentation duration. Wastewater treatment experiments were carried out over a span of 14 days. The findings indicated that biological treatment of the wastewater resulted in a reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by 71. 27% and total organic carbon (TOC) by 48. 98%. Additionally, total dissolved solids (TDS) decreased by 60. 96%, and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the water was reduced by 42. 6% during this period. Over time, the concentrations of H2S, NH3, CH4, and CO2 gases in the wastewater decreased by 30. 08%, 25. 60%, 42. 71%, and 95. 80%, respectively. The sludge that settled in the wastewater treatment ponds is rich in nutrients and can be transformed into compost fertilizer under specific conditions, making it highly beneficial for agricultural use.